Marks and Spencer Financial Statements Coursework

Imprints and Spencer Financial Statements - Coursework Example A large number of the privately owned businesses in the UK utilize International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) reasonable structure for money related announcing (Holland, 1998) and address issues in regards to reasonable worth bookkeeping as far as the 8 stages, out of which four are dynamic: the goal and subjective attributes, components and acknowledgment, estimation, and revealing element. The theoretical system itself gives direction on which estimation bases to be utilized or results to be acquired through the estimations choices. The estimations of the various portions are focused on reasonable incentive to meet the subjective attributes of the structure. As IFRS incorporates reasonable worth estimations required by the United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (UK GAAP) (Ballard, 2010, p 704), clearly the distinctive recognizable parts (Connolly, 2012) like annuity and other related expenses and liabilities of M&S are as per reasonable worth estimation that meets the subjective attributes of the system (Ballard, 2010, p 703). Likewise, as indicated by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the goal of reasonable worth estimation is â€Å"to give direction to choosing estimation bases that fulfill the destinations and subjective attributes of monetary reporting† (FASB, 2009b, p2; Ballard, 2010, p 703). The subjective attributes help money related announcing in the determination of an estimation technique which the organization has accomplished through recognizing its representatives as their important resource and furthermore having certain strategies and plans like the annuity plan and work, wellbeing and security conspires as a feature of its supportability drive (M&S How We Do Business, 2011). Further, recognizable portions are reportable or working sections of the organization that have announced income of over 10% of the consolidated income of both i nner and outside income of every other fragment. Likewise, if the benefit or loss of a specific section, similar to worker compensation or representative advantages, including annuity benefits, is more noteworthy than benefit or loss of every working portion joined or the benefits are worth over 10% of all consolidated working fragment resources, at that point the section is supposed to be reportable (Connolly, 2012, p2). This implies M&S has the alternative of excluding the worker compensation advantages or annuity liabilities and expenses in the money related report. Estimation is characterized in the IASB’s system as â€Å"the procedure of deciding the fiscal sums at which the components of budget summaries are to be perceived and conveyed to be decided sheet and salary statement† (IASB, 2001, p 99; Ballard, 2010, p 706). M&S has perceived the estimations identifying with worker compensation, expenses, and advantages in its fiscal summary in 2011 (Appendix 1 and 2). A considerable lot of the budgetary revealing organizations have perceived that there exists uncertainty in gauges achieved in monetary announcing. There are restrictions in money related detailing and open data exposure as it is basic practice with organizations to rehearse obligatory and deliberate open and private divulgence of data that is focused at explicit partners of the business (Holland, 1998).

Ashes Ashes We All Fall Down Essay

Ashs, Ashes, We All Fall Down Essay, Research Paper Bubonic Plague I covered with my ain authorities five of my children in an individual grave. No ringers. No cryings. This is the terminal of the universe. ( Deaux, 1969 ) These are the expressions of Italian author Agniol di Tura, yet they mirror the feelings of a full state in the 1300 s. It was at that cut that Europe was struck by the hardest blow that an epidemic would ever swing. The Bubonic Plague hit Europe with a savagery that could neer hold been anticipated. Spread of the Plague Through Europe The spread of the Bubonic Plague in the fourteenth century happened quickly as a result of hapless life conditions, exchange ways and numbness of the sickness. The primary revealed example of the disease was in 543 when it hit Constantinople. ( Hecker, 1992 ) This was a minor ejection and there were others like it, yet since nobody knew where it originated from thus not many were perishing from it, no 1 took the clasp to occur out. In any case, so in 1334, a scourge struck the northeasterly Chinese province of Hopei that individuals couldn t disregard. It slaughtered up to 90 % of the populace around 5,000,000 individuals. ( Armstrong, 1981 ) This got individuals s joining in, however by so it was exorbitantly delinquently. Unfortunately, a portion of the occasions that supported the fast spread of the Plague could hold been maintained a strategic distance from. In 1347, in the southern Ukraine close to the Black Sea, the local individuals started expiring of a enigmatic sickness. They experienced concerns, falling flat, and many stunned when they attempted to walk. Be that as it may, most obviously, each conveyed a typical sign of the plague-they all started to grow huge puffinesss of the lymph hubs in the inguen and underhand nations. Dread and choler at the infection offered way to accusal. The indigens of the nation pointed the implication for their exclamation at the Italian bargainers who went all through their ports. Persuaded that they were the ground for their anguish, the indigens assaulted the ports. After a hebdomad of battle, the indigens discovered their fighters expiring of the ailment. Planning to contaminate the Italians, the indigens utilized slingshots that where normally held for enormous bowlders or dead invigorate creatures to toss dead or expiring natural structures of those tainted with the plague over the boundary. They succeeded. At the point when the bargainers fled to Sicily, they conveyed the plague with them. ( Strayer, 1972 ) The plague chief showed up in Messina, Sicily in October 1347, however it would non end at that place. Mindful of the rate at which the plague would convey, the Sicilian functionaries attempted to consolidate the ailment by pressuring the 12 work powers on board who were left alive to stay on the boat. Be that as it may, dark rodents, which conveyed bugs that where tainted with the disease, figured out how to gain off the boat and come in the city. Inside eight months, the epidemic had spread all through the island and the rodents which conveyed the epidemic had boarded ships that were set out toward territory Italy and the rest of Europe. ( Strayer, 1972 ) Despite the endeavors of city functionaries, the plague kept on conveying. They had overlooked it unreasonably long, presently it was out of their guardianships. The plague spread through port metropoliss quickly in light of the fact that it is transmitted by rodent insects. The insects, which spread the disease, would get the bacteriums from a rodent who had just procured the malady. The bacteriums would so completely fills the stomach of the bug, doing it so the bug could no longer process any blood. It would so be ravenous to the point that it would sucks blood into its effectively full stomach, forcing it to spew, in this manner dispersing the bacterium. ( Walker, 1992 ) A infection that is spread by rodents would likely non present an enormous activity to most topographic focuses in the 21st century, yet in the fourteenth century there were numerous rodents on board most ships and hardly any individuals took notice to them, as they were such a typical apparatus in the messy life wonts. Since individuals were so acclimated with them, these gnawers conveyed the disease from port to port with no 1 perceiving that they were the confederate to the malady which was doing the expire of 1000000s. Fantasies As a result of the hoards that were expiring, individuals would promptly acknowledge any record of the reason for the plague as truth. A doctor by the name of Galen had one of the most generally perceived speculations. He said that the epidemic was spread by miasmas, or toxicant bluess coming from the bogs which undermined the air. People groups were encouraged to go forward low, boggy nations or at least stay inside their places, covering their Windowss. Since individuals accepted that putrid air caused the disease, many strolled around moving corsages of blossoms to their olfactory organs, accepting this would rescue them from perish. ( Strayer, 1972 ) Some idea that the disease could get into the natural structure through the pores in their covering. As a result of this, numerous individuals wouldn't shower during the clasp of the epidemic, as they felt that washing their natural structures would open the pores further, giving the epidemic much increasingly opportunity to contaminate them. Despite the fact that numerous individuals decided to acknowledge these hypotheses for their surface worth and take the shields recommended, scarcely any discovered encouragement in them as they viewed people around them bite the dust. A few people felt that the plague had come as a signifier of punishment from God. A gathering of people known as the flagellants demanded that it was the wickednesss of grown-up male that had constrained God to punish them. Flagellants could be recognized by the flagellum that they conveyed with them. This was a wooden stick with three or four calfskin pieces connected, each with an inch long spike of Fe at the terminal. The flagellants would run into in the focal point of a town and drive others to fall in them in their customs. Every part would deny from the abdomen up thus would get down to flagellate himself with his flagellum. They did this as a signifier of contrition and accepted that God would pardon them furthermore, keep up the plague from them each piece long as they demonstrated their remorse. This custom would occur at least one time a twenty-four hours for three yearss before the gathering would head out on to the accompanying unassuming community where they would being again, ideally expanding their Numberss ( Biel, 1989 ) . Some who were looking for for answers joined the flagellants, yet they without further ado found that they confronted a similar destiny as the rest of. Side effects The epidemic had numerous trademark indications, yet from the outset the casualty could hope to hold a figure of sullen. The principal side effects of the disease incorporate concern, affliction, frigidity, emesis, also, harming enunciations. ( Strayer, 1972 ) These characteristics are other than regular to different maladies, yet in a plague septic city, any individual who had these qualities was viewed as damned. In any case, soon after endeavor the sickness, the manifestations would go increasingly self-evident. Inside a twenty-four hours or two, the puffinesss showed up. They were hard, difficult, terminating balls on the cervix, under the arm, furthermore the inside thighs. Before long they turned dark, detached loosened, and started to leak cunt and blood. These puffinesss, called buboes, gave the ailment its name and may hold developed to the size of an orange. ( Garrett, 1994 ) The puffinesss showed up in light of the fact that one time an individual became contaminated, the B, Yersina plague, made its way into the lymph hubs. There, it would contaminate what's more, destruct cells of the resistant framework, and in the methodology, it would other than trip a connection of compound responses in which the natural structure would attempt to toss out the encroachers through pustules and furuncles that develop on the covering. ( Garrett, 1994 ) Once the bobues showed up, the casualty would get down to shed blood inside. Blood vass would interfere, go forthing the blood underneath the covering to run free. When dried, the blood would turn dark and leave dark blotchs on the casualty s covering. Accordingly giving the ailment it s most famous moniker, Black Death. In most horrendous cases, perish would regularly happen inside two yearss after the bobues had showed up. This, as often as possible occasions, was non without further ado bounty for the person in question. Effectss The Bubonic Plague had an extraordinary result on family units, the congregation, furthermore the viewpoint of society during the in the middle of ages. The perish of an expected 1/3 of the edified universe in the mid-fourteenth century ( Armstrong, 1981 ) was sure to adjust each feature of life for the individuals populating at that cut. During the disease, there was a general reduction in ethical quality, which at last prompted the church losing the vast majority of it s approval. In divide, individuals didn t tune in to the congregation since they didn Ts privation to hear Torahs that they knew wouldn T be done. However, the main ground was that numerous lost religion subsequent to viewing their companions and family unit dices such monstrous expires. The lost religion of the individuals can be seen through their craft. In numerous plants, on the other hand of divine presences naming the dead to paradise, perish was spoken to as a matured grown-up female in a dark shroud and wild, snake-like hair.. also, a sickle to move up her casualties. ( Strayer, 1983 ) The guidelines of the congregation itself other than changed during the epidemic. Rome declared an exigency unwinding of standard law, permitting the perishing to screech out loud to God or to any person who might tune in, even a grown-up female. ( Deaux, 1969 ) This was reported on the grounds that functionaries of the congregation were perishing off at a similar rate as the leftover portion

Life during IAP

Life during IAP This post has no central topic or theme. This will simply be a random ordering of things during IAP that stuck out to me. 6.178 Introduction to Software Engineering in Java 6.178 is a six-unit class offered only during IAP. It is student-taught: I actually knew/were friends with several of the instructors. The first two lectures or so were focused on using Git, a version control system that helps to coordinate/collaborate your code with other people (although we didnt actually do any collaboration in the class). Differentiating between the lingo of add, commit, push, clone, et cetera was confusing at first, but by the end of the first week I had gotten used to it and can now say that I have a basic idea of how Git works! The Java itself was pretty fast-paced, which makes sense as the class was only three weeks long. The topics, in rough chronological order, were: variables, loops, switch, if-then statements, arrays, strings, methods, classes, objects, fields, constructors, inheritance, casting, overriding, interfaces, exceptions, I/O, and testing with JUnit (now that I think about it, thats actually a lot we learned ;-;) I enjoyed the class and think it was well worth it for getting my feet wet with Git alone. Heres a sample snippet of code from a pset (we made a Battleship game). Japanese ?????!3??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????MISTI Japan?????????? Japanese is a difficult language, even as a fluent speaker of Korean. Korean and Japanese have very similar grammatical structures, and they also have similar pronunciations for many words. Some examples are ??(???) vs. ?? (kazoku vs. kajok), ??(????) vs. ?? (shinbun vs. shinmun), and many more. This is because both the readings for these words are usually based on the Chinese pronunciation of the Kanji, i.e. Chinese characters. In fact, Korean used to be written exclusively in Chinese characters before it was popular to adopt the Korean writing system. Approximately 60% of Korean vocabulary is not native Korean but Chinese in origin, and I would assume a similar percentage for Japanese as well. Learning Hanja/Kanji/Chinese characters can help expand ones Korean vocabulary, even though in the present day Hanja is nearly obsolete and not readily used. Although I do like watching anime and sometimes find myself immersed in Japanese pop culture, the decision to learn Japanese was more of a beginning towards a long-term personal goal of basic fluency in three major East Asian languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean). Learning Japanese has already been very rewarding for me. There are as many similarities between Japanese and Korean culture as there are differences. And studying the language itself comes with its riches of grammatical parallels, cognates, and more. I get a small but potent dose of happiness when I come across a Japanese phrase that is difficult to translate into English yet has an elegant, almost perfect Korean analog. Studying Kanji has led me to realize that so many more Korean words than I thought were based on Chinese characters. Interestingly by studying Japanese, I also learn Korean due to both languages incorporations of the Chinese writing system (although with Japanese, it is more obvious/explicit: the character is literally written, and Kanji is an essential topic for literacy). I fully intended to take Japanese I over IAP, an extremely intensive introduction to the language. After attending the first day of lecture, however, I realized that I would actually be quite bored there. My Japanese language-learning frenzy the weeks before had paid off, and I sent an email to my professor that night that I would drop out and learn on my own: ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????1-2???????????????????Japanese V??????? ??????????????????? ??????????! Her reply was reassuring. ????? ??????????????? ???????????????????! ?? Im currently finishing up Genki I, the most commonly used college Japanese textbook for beginners. My goal is to finish Genki II by the end of the summer and take the JLPT N4. Wish me luck! :D PE Downhill Skiing Skiing is a class I thought didnt exist at MIT until I looked at the PE course catalog for IAP. Every Tuesday and Thursday night at 5pm, you get on a bus and spend an hour getting to Nashoba Valley Ski Area. You get a one-hour lesson and then youre free to ski or snowboard for the rest of the night until 10pm, after which you hop back on the bus and return to MIT at around 11pm. Was it worth it? I think so: I went with a couple friends I already knew, made some new ones, and learned how to parallel ski. In the beginning of the month, I was struggling to figure out how to turn and could barely do green (easy) trails without falling: after the last class a few days ago, I could go down some of the easier black diamonds (difficult) with ease. Next quarter, Im taking beginner archery with a friend. Gotta work on that pirates license! ;D Miscellaneous I do miss classes a little bit. Ill be talking about the classes Im taking in a future post. Coincidentally coindicing with Bad Ideas weekend, which is a primarily EC-hosted series of events that are generally terrible ideas, like having a Chicken McNugget eating contest or baking 2^12 cookies in one day, I hosted a Cutthroat Kitchen contest with some of my friends. It was messy. There was sabotage. It was glorious. There were many videos. Ive been passively working on cutting and gluing them together to make a large, cohesive video that I hope to share with you someday. I miss Toons rehearsals: I desperately want to sing again. Ive been spending a lot more time in 2E at Next House lately. Questions of where Ill be living next fall linger. Most likely I will stay in 5th West at East Campus, but there are other possibilities, in descending order of probability: I might move to Next House. I might transfer halls. I might join a particular fraternity. Who knows. Time will tell. Allan invited many of the toons + others to a chill time in his room called WINTER IN SPACE: he read poems, people shared their musical art, I read some poems, and one person used everyone in the room as her instrument by instructing us to hum variations of a B minor chord. It was an experience I realized I had been sorely missing at MIT. The sharing of art that came from the individual in that small, ambient room was this wonderful, delicate, sacred thing. It made me happy to exist in time and space in that moment more than ever, if only for that time. Recently, my mind has been wandering aimlessly amidst a weekend that could have gone better. A weekend that, despite the melancholy that somehow nips at me in the physical form that is cold wind and icy air, could not be more fitting for what will be a very tough semester ahead. I end my thoughts, and this blog post, with one of the poems I read: sitting here in the middle of all things- i, a vessel of senses, have learned to take in and let go. my shirts juice-stain, my bodys heart-strain, my rooms window-pane with no curtain, cant be certain of the life that passes through me. youre right- my hearts a fickle thing and wanes like that up there. likewise, sometimes the algid cum. clouds that haze that rocky waste come down and wrap my heart into a fog, an introspection i myself cant comprehend. took a walk today- february, frost, and flowers. there was nothing of the latter, of course. some days you have to wake up and imagine that such things exist. thats what i hold on to, anyway. Post Tagged #6.178 #Bad Ideas Weekend #East Campus #Next House #PE #Skiing #Wellesley-MIT Toons

Why Nursing Theories Are Organized Concepts That Guide...

Importance of Theory Nursing theories are organized concepts that guide nursing practice. They are a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions with standards borrowed from other related disciplines for the purpose of explaining, and predicting outcomes (Allgood, 2010). In the late 1800s, the nursing profession placed a major emphasis on education. This inspired the development of some of our earliest nursing theorists (CCN, 2015). Many theorists felt it prudent to describe nursing practice by creating nursing guidelines as a foundation for best practice clinical decision making. In the past, the majority of nursing curriculum was medically based and taught by physicians. Nurses were introduced to physiology, anatomy and pathophysiology that allowed accreditation with academic standing (Alligood, 2010). Nursing theory came into being out of the necessity to define what should form the bases of practice by explicitly describing nursing. Nursing theory created a foundation for bette r patient care, gave accreditation to schools of nursing through research, and established professional nursing boundaries, by highlighting nursing as an evolving profession. These theorists continue to be used today to help guide nursing practice, which has grown into a dynamic modern day system. The concept of caring is not new to the profession of nursing. Most nurses will attest the reason they came into the profession is because they had a deep sense to care forShow MoreRelatedImportance of Theory1378 Words   |  6 Pagesof Theory Paper Robert Costello Chamberlain College of Nursing NR501: Foundational Concepts and Applications March 2016 Importance of Theory Paper The nursing philosophy is a group of concepts that help provide a method for treating and caring for patients. Nursing theory also can be an instrument of effort that emphasizes scientific facts,  it will also show the trends of views of the wellbeing -disease course of action and the practice of healing care. The different nursing theoriesRead MoreDiscuss Jean Watson s Theory Of Human Caring1299 Words   |  6 Pagesabout any of the nursing theories I had learned in my Bachelor’s nursing program. As years have gone by, and I am back getting my Masters, I am readdressing the importance of nursing theories. Nursing theory is fundamentally the basis for nursing practice. It is outlined as â€Å"an organized framework of concepts and purposes designed to guide the practice of nursing† (Petiprin, 2015, para. 1). For this paper, I have chosen to discuss Jean Watson’s theory of human caring. â€Å"Watson’s theory of human caringRead MoreThe Gap B etween Theory And Practice Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesNursing is considered as caring for a person, is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations (Association, the A. N. (2016). Nursing theory is an organized framework of concepts and purposes designed to guide the practice of nursing (Petiprin, 2016). To keep up an appropriateRead MoreMy Life As A Professional Nurse Essay1394 Words   |  6 PagesNursing care is doing something to or for the person or providing information to the person with the goals of meeting needs, increasing or restoring self-help ability, or alleviating impairment. Nursing is broadly grouped into the 21 problem areas to guide care and promote use of nursing judgment. To my life as a professional nurse the nursing care delivery to the patient I feel accomplished when the client appreciates the services rendered. 10.1.2Social context: As a practice discipline and professionRead MorePersonal Philosophy Of Nursing Practice Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesPhilosophy of Nursing This paper will cover the philosophy of nursing, its importance, purpose and relevance to the practice, and the challenges nurses face today to maintain a philosophical practice. Methods Methods used and search to obtain credible information were from college online library and a personal outdated home library that serves as a guide for a potential new printed online version. Database searches were CINAHl, advanced search in CINAHL, Google Scholar, and words searched: philosophyRead MorePatricia Benner ´s Novice to Expert theory using the Model of Skill Acquisition1503 Words   |  7 Pagesher Novice to Expert theory using the Model of Skill Acquisition through defining concepts within her conceptual framework, identifying assumptions within her theory, discussing the significance of her theory as it relates to advanced practice nursing, and addressing how applicable her theory is to actual nursing practice. Patricia Benner’s clinical practice was based on a wide array of specialties which included medical-surgical, critical care and home health care nursing. She started out herRead MoreTheory Critique Jean Watson1482 Words   |  6 PagesTheory Critique: Theory of â€Å"Human Caring† Abigail Peerce Maryville University â€Å"Caring is the essence of nursing† (Chantal, 2003, p.57). Caring is the essence and core of my nursing background and why I chose to take the path towards a career as a professional nurse. The model of caring was developed around 1970, and established with the publication of the â€Å"postmodern transpersonal caring-healing paradigm, and has transformed the original caring model into one that is useful to practitioners fromRead MoreClinical Report on Lewins Field Change Theory1453 Words   |  6 Pages While some people are receptive to change, others may not be so forth coming. The concept of change in itself can be terrifying because people get used to doing things a particular way, therefore, any deviation from the norm poses difficulty. Within the context of this paper, I will examine two components related to my learning goal and my clinical placement at St. Michael’s hospital. First, the knowledge component will entail a critical review of five evidenced-ba sed scholarly journals relatedRead MorePhilosophy and Theory in Apn Practice2729 Words   |  11 PagesPhilosophy and Theory in APN Practice Michelle Marroquin McNeese State University Introduction Nursing is a unique discipline that calls for a special type of person to give compassionate care. Nursing utilizes the nursing process of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation for the purpose of improving the patient’s health. As the nurse increases her experience and advances her education, the ideas of philosophy and applying theory to practice become more relevantRead MoreWhy I Should Be A Nurse2219 Words   |  9 Pagesnot understanding the severity our loved ones’ condition can be very scary and nerve wracking. This is the main reason why I wanted to be a nurse in the first place. I wanted to provide reassurance to my family that everything will be taken care of and spare them the added anxiety to the stressful situation. After high school, I proceeded to pursue Bachelors of Science in Nursing and finished in 1999. I worked in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in one of the top hospitals in the Philippines. Philippines

Essay on Popular Cultures Subserviance to High Culture

Popular Cultures Subserviance to High Culture For about a century, Western Culture has really been divided into two cultures, the traditional type of high culture and a mass culture manufactured wholesale for the market. High culture is the arts that require some form of intellect to comprehend, so therefore can only reach a tiny segment of the population, whilst levelling accusations of elitism. High culture includes ballet; the forms of operas, operettas and symphonies; types of film; certain novels; theatre and plays. Mass or popular culture is derived from high culture, so for every item in high culture, there is a corresponding item of lesser importance in popular culture. Forms of popular culture include television,†¦show more content†¦Mass culture is imposed from above, as Karl Marx recognised, onto the passive susceptibility of the ignorant masses, to which decisions lie between consumption or no consumption. It is therefore, the Lords of kitsch that are the sole beneficiaries; mass culture integrates the masse s in a form of debased high culture. This lack of control proves the power of the mass culture businessman, shown when during the 1929 depression, when capitalism was in chaos, focus was turned from the idols of production to the idols of consumption such as Hollywood movie stars, creating a dreamlikeworld, a marketing heaven, for the masses to aspire to. Mass culture can therefore never be worthwhile. Commodities are imposed upon the masses, taking away freedom of choice and individuality. Instead of being related to one another as members of a community, the relation is formed with a system of industrial production, something abstract and untouchable. The great culture-bearing elites have communities with members having an individual role and sharing similar interests. In contrast, mass society sinks to the lowest level, to that of its most primitive members, its taste complies with that of the least sensitive and most ignorant member. Members accept any idiocy if it is wholly ag reed as knowledge in the capitalist superstructure. Homogenized mass culture is so rigidly democratic, refusing distinction or discrimination that it succeeds in destroying

Effects of capitalism Free Essays

Capitalism West has been an important destination in American history. First it was a discovering target for Louis and Clark, later it became a spot for people to seek riches in gold rush. Whether it was for money or establishing settlement west has become an important place for American people. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of capitalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now For these reason, one of the family who moved out west were the loads. During 1930’s, Midwest was hit hard by the great- depression. And to aggravate these effects dust bowls were sprawling all over Midwest. The Joads were immensely devastated by these conditions in ‘The Grapes of Wrath’ by John Steinbeck. First the author shows how the all over Midwest families were the target of dust bowls because the land was over used and crops weren’t rotated. Because people couldn’t grow their own crops, they had to borrow money from lenders, only to end up in debt they couldn’t pay. Since the debt wasn’t paid their land was taken away by the banks and corporation leaving them without Job or income. To coup this process The Joads decided to head out west looking for an opportunity to feed their family. But their hopes will be overturned by the misery that awaits them. In chapter 19 of ‘The grapes of wrath’, Steinbeck summarizes how Capitalism has left man-kind to turn Inhuman. During the 30’s the rich were becoming richer and poor were becoming poorer. There was a distinct line between upper and lower class. Whether it is Oklahoma or California, the wealthy showed no gratitude for the poorer. In Oklahoma the banks wanted to make profits from land by combining thousands of acres together. Same situation applied in California. But the land in California was stolen from Mexicans by the early â€Å"tattered feverish† squatters. Steinbeck uses distinct diction to assert that early settlers in west can be compared with incoming Okies. As time went on, these squatters’ children had lost their lust for land. Even though their forefathers had earned the land through hostility, But for newer generation â€Å"the hunger was gone, the feral hunger, the gnawing, tearing hunger for land†. Author uses this run on sentence to explain how the lives of the land owners were effortless, because hunger is one of the instincts that motivates mankind. Since their predecessor had left them wealthy, the owners didn’t value the land. These owners had distinct themselves from farming. They had lost their lust for â€Å"a shining blade to plow it, for seed and a indmill beating its wings in the air†. Steinbeck uses imagery to demonstrate the importance these tool would hold for a farmer, but the owners did not recognize them because they had separated themselves from farming. Since their connection with land is lost, the owners turned their attention to making money and profit. Steinbeck illustrates the shift from man-power to machines during the 30’s. One man on tractor can replace twelve families on a farm. With this revolution the man shifted from a farmer to a ‘shopkeeper’ and ‘manufacturer’. This transition made the land owners less sympathetic to land. Farming is no longer their main occupation because â€Å"the crops were reckoned in dollars, and land was valued by principal plus interest†. Steinbeck compares rich owners with banks in Oklahoma. The owner no longer tarmed tor teeding their tamily or tor survival, but tor making solely profit. In contrast of rich owner the Okies only want to farm to feed their family and for their love of land. Steinbeck shows the owners in California had become so powerful â€Å"crop failure, drought, and flood were no longer little deaths within life, but simple losses of money’. But this reason would be death within life for a farmer in Oklahoma. If a farmer had experienced crop failure or drought, it could mean they had to go into debt for feeding their family. The banks took the land from the farmers because of the debt. This resulted in mass migration from Midwest to California. Since the rich owner treated farming like industry, they did not care for their workers. Steinbeck shows that the â€Å"Owners followed Rome†. He compares the migrants with slave because the owner gave low wages only enough for surviving and not living. This shows the greediness of the farm owners. This also portrays the affect that capitalism has had on the rich owners. In ‘The Grapes of Wrath’, Steinbeck shows the unpleasant conditions of working class during the 30s. During those times people from Midwest suffered socially and economically. Thousands of people migrated west to seek a better life, only to be left devastated. In difference from the misfortune farmers, the banks and rich land owners took advantage of new machine age to increase their wealth and profit. This in turn lead to industrial farming and left the farmers Jobless. It shows the selfishness of upper class and hardship of the farmers. The result of capitalism led to a chaotic situation between landowners and the poor. How to cite Effects of capitalism, Papers

Love marriages Essay Example For Students

Love marriages Essay Haralambos (1995, pg 317) stated in his book that the family is regarded as the cornerstone of society. It forms the basic unit of social organization and it is difficult to imagine how human society could function without it. In the past the family has been seen as an institution, which has formed the foundations of many societies throughout the world such as morality and the progression of economics. On the other hand, in the light of various observers, the family is seen as an oppressive institution which benefits men only Delphy and Leonard cited in Haralambos (1995, pg333). In order to try and discover whether family life has lost its significance in contemporary Britain or not, there are certain types of questions that must be kept in mind and asked in order for an effective answer to be given to the title question. What are the arguments that support or rebut the notion as to whether family life has lost its significance in contemporary Britain? Why is family life even being considered to be losing its significance in contemporary Britain? The overall aim of this essay is to discover whether family life has lost its significance in contemporary Britain and by engaging in subjects such as divorce and cohabitation, one hopes to form a naturally reasoned essay structure, with the chances of a plausible conclusion may be being achieved. With the rise in love marriages and the decline in marriages for convenience, divorce in modern societies where the former type of marriage reaches a state of crisis seems inevitable. Wilson (1993) a Marxist sociologist, acknowledges the fact that changes in the law, notably the divorce act of 1969, was the most dramatic of all divorce reforms which preceded this date. The full year to which the new law was applied was 1972, and in that year there were 119,000 divorces made absolute in England and Wales (Wilson 1993, p85). On the other hand Diana Gittens (1993, p161) a feminist, notes undoubtedly divorce is a source of upset and disruption for children, yet it can also be a great source of relief and release from a previously painful and intolerant situation.  This breakdown of the ideal family unit has resulted in the creation of three different types of family units. The first unit to be created is due to divorce, which refers to the legal termination of marriage. The result is two homes created for the child/children and two families with both usually competing for the affections of the children. The second unit to be created is that due to separation, which refers to the physical splitting of the two partners and what is more of a temporary measure before a decision is reached as to whether they should get back together or divorce. This undoubtedly can go on for several years. Ultimately there is the empty shell marriage where the spouses remain legally married and live together but the love between them is close to non-existent, it is jus a marriage that exists in name and on paper only. The existence for this shell is only for the sake of the children involved, but the results are often less helpful and more damaging. An article published in The Observer 05/05/2002 Nuclear family goes into meltdown in which it discusses the fall in marriages and the rise in cohabitation, seems one of the obvious datas, which supports the idea that family life is losing its significance in contemporary Britain. It is no wonder researchers have coined a name for the emerging British household the Beanpoles. They live together and have 1.8 children.

The End of History Views of the Philosophers

Summary of the article The world history has been portrayed in diverse ways by a number of political philosophers. In this article, the author presents the arguments of a substantial number of philosophers. The paper brings out the views of the philosophers on the world history, particularly the political and economic developments and their implication on the existence and relations between human beings in diverse political and economic landscapes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The End of History: Views of the Philosophers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author tries to present an end of the world history by bringing out the main arguments from the major philosophers and the implication of the arguments as portrayed by the contemporary organization of the world. The author draws a comparison of the history of the political and economic course as it is founded in the arguments that are posited by a number o f scholars, who include Hegel, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Paul Kennedy, and Kejeve among others. The critical question in the article concerns whether there is a cofounded explanation in the political philosophies that are advanced by the scholars, which depict an end to the political and economic order of the globe whose search has been depicted in a number of political and economic courses like the three main world wars. The author makes an analogy of the current developments in the concept of governance by drawing from the ancient philosophical theses by Hegel, Kejeve, Karl Marx and Max Weber. The aim of the author is to draw a relative comparison of the current structures of governance from the theses that were advanced by the ancient scholars as a way of determining the relative factor of governance and its foundations in the philosophies. As it comes out in the article, there are a number of contradictions in the explanations of historical events and the linkage of the events to th e contemporary developments in governance, which according to the author, mark the end of the world history (Fukuyama n.p.). Different political and economic philosophies like capitalism, socialism, Leninism, and democracy among others are brought out in the article. The author brings out all these philosophies in his bid to explain the pros and cons of each ideology and their impacts on governance in the present environment.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The competitive and comparative scales of these philosophies is also brought out in the article, where Fukuyama tries to explore the foundations of each philosophy by mainly focusing on the level of reception in the regions or states in which the philosophies were exercised. An example is the explanation of how Leninism was exercised in the former Soviet Union and how it impacted on the political and economic organizations of the reg ion. The ideologies come out as competitors in the sense that each of them has a different impact on governance when it is used. While liberalism seems to come out as the main philosophy that is widely embraced in contemporary governance, Fukuyama presents a critique of liberalism by relating it to other attributes of governance in states like nationalism. The socio-political and economic foundations are subjected to criticism in the article. Finally the author presents the symbolism of the contemporary political situation in the world, which is marked by the struggle between the developing and the developed world. Whether the conflict between the developed and the developing world about issues of governance will ever come to an end remains to be a rhetoric topic (Fakuyama n.p.). Analysis of the views in the article In the article, the author argues that western civilization has been fully universalized, which marks the end of the historical developments that have been depicted in p olitical battles such as the three main world wars: the First World War, the Second World War and the Cold War. What ought to be asked is whether the western civilization has been universally accepted as argued by the author. Most people, especially from the non-western world, still hold the western civilization with contempt. They base on the modalities that have been used by the western nations to ensure that they popularize the western civilization at the expense of other civilizations across the world. While it cannot be denied that the western civilization is dominant in the world, it remains critical to note that most people from the non-western nations oppose the means through which such a civilization is enhanced by the western states.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The End of History: Views of the Philosophers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The contemporary global political economy still denotes the battle between other civilizations, for example the Asian civilization and the western civilization that still appear dominant (Burdyuzha 353). The author makes a comparative exploration of how different authors relate the interplay of politics in the contemporary world. The argument that the ideal of Hegel that the behaviors of all human beings are founded in consciousness has lost stance in the hands of later thinkers is quite unheeding. All the explanations of the political, economic and social relations as brought out by late thinkers like Karl Marx have elements of human consciousness. The concept of utilitarianism as expounded by Marx and other political concepts that have been developed by other scholars like the definition of the industrial society are based on the views of human beings on how political order is attained. The rationalization of the interplay between politics and economics and the basis on which a set of political and economic actions are taken by nations in the contemporary political economy invoke a lot of thinking. This implies that human conscience, which was the main idea and an area that was highly explored by Hegel, is also founded in the concepts of political economy that came later after him. Political priorities and actions often raise questions and debates, for instance the action by the United States to attack Iraq. Such an action elicited diverse reactions from people across the world, which implies a founded explanation in human conscience (Fukuyama n.p.). Liberalism has been explored by a substantial number of political scientists in the sense that one cannot base on the argument of a single scholar to justify the essence and interplay of attributes of liberalism in the current political state of the world. The 19th century saw two main challenges to the concept of liberalism. These are fascism and communism. Fascism lost its essence in the course of the Second World War. Communism was promoted at this time due to the foc us of the world on anomie and the set of political and economic structures that could ensure political, social and economic security for citizens in different states since an ideology in the Western world was only prevalent for a limited period of time. This was prevalent in a number of political parties in communist states in Eastern Europe.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, as it is today a substantial number of changes have been put in place in the western world, especially in Eastern Europe. Communism has slowly faded, with most countries in Western Europe giving up the communist philosophy as a way of fitting into the seemingly liberal Western Europe community (Fukuyama n.p.). Has communism really faded in the western world or is it just a tactic of the countries that used to embrace communism to fit into the economic order of Western Europe, which is depicted in the functioning of the European Union? This is a critical question that is asked when talking about the issue of economic order in Europe. It is argued that most of the Eastern Europe countries have been forced to adapt to liberalism and shun communism to fit and benefit from the European Union. This is one of the indicators of the influence of ideology on governance in contemporary governance. A look at the attributes of autocracy in the Asia reveals that the Asian nations like Ch ina that used to embrace democracy have had to minimize the features of communism. This move has enabled them to transact in the global economic order. Again, it is argued that the Asian countries still uphold communist dimensions in their countries. They drop most of the elements of communism while managing their economic activities in other parts of the world. This is another critique for people who see western liberalism as an ideology that has been widely accepted in modern governance across the world (Paul, Miller and Paul 41-43). Fukuyama argues that the issue of balance of power in the international political scene is dictated by the emerging issues between the developed and the developing world. This is a candid observation. The modern political economy highly revolves around the status of political and economic development between the developed and the developing nations. Is there a chance for the developing world to overtake the developed world and dictate the course of so cio-political and economic development in the world? While the author recognizes that China and Russia have transformed their politic and economic stature, he only sees this as a threat to the developed world (Fukuyama n.p.). Fukuyama argues that China and Russia will take a relatively longer time to join the developed states of the west as liberal states. This, according to the author, is based on the fact that the states embrace a different ideology from that which is upheld by the developed states of the west. These countries embrace Leninism and Marxism as the core pillars of transformation in socio-political and economic governance, while the western states fully embrace liberalism and democracy. These forms of governance are used to manipulate the developing states. As opined by the author, the difference in the ideologies is likely to remain as a factor of competition between the developing and the developed states. Therefore, in no point will the west accept to be grouped wi th the developing states from Asia, Latin America or Africa in as far as they still uphold political ideologies that are different from those that they uphold. The author also denotes that competition in the contemporary political world is slowly shifting from mere ideologies to the quest and pace of technology adoption and incorporation in production (Inozemtsev and Dutkiewicz 89-90). Technology is seen as a crucial parameter for improving the lives of the citizenry. The pace at which technology is being adopted and improved upon in countries like China depicts a new set of competition between the developed and the emergent economic powers in the world. The increased rate at which technology is being embraced denotes movement away from the traditional ideologies. Order in the contemporary and future world is bound to be shaped by technology; the search for newer and more efficient technologies and the solving of problems that emanate from technology. These include environmental pol lution and the change in the socioeconomic order owing to the full embrace of technology in discharging economic and social functions (Fukuyama n.p). Whether political ideologies can be fully killed is a question that is subject to debate. The rationale behind this concern is that the world is already witnessing a problem concerning the embrace of technology and its resultant impacts. Instead of cooperating to foster oneness in solving the contemporary problems facing all nations, there is still a drift between countries as portrayed by finger-pointing. The observation in the article is that a new dynamic of conflict is again emerging in the world; this time it will not be centered on political ideologies per se, but on the problems and challenges of technology. Therefore, cycles of socio-political and economic events in the world are not likely to come to a rest. This is why the author argues that the end of history will mark the beginning of history. This, in its deepest sense, im plies that the global history cannot easily come to an end since the end depicts the acceptance of a common course by all states in the world, a situation that is quite overwhelming to attain (Stunkel and Sarsar 2). Works Cited Burdyuzha, Vladimir. The Future of Life and the Future of Our Civilization. Dordrecht: Springer, 2006. Print. Fukuyama, Francis. The End of History? 2003. Web. http://www.wesjones.com/eoh.htm Inozemtsev, Vladislav, and Piotr Dutkiewicz. Democracy versus Modernization: A Dilemma for Russia and for the World. New York, NY: Routledge, 2013. Print. Paul, Ellen F, Fred D. Miller, and Jeffrey Paul. Liberalism and the Economic Order. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Print. Stunkel, Kenneth R, and Saliba G. Sarsar. Ideology Values and Technology in Political Life. Lanham, MD: Univ. Press of America, 1994. Print. This essay on The End of History: Views of the Philosophers was written and submitted by user Kason W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Other things essays

Other things essays Walking down the hall I get a sense of disbelief. Is this really me and am I really here or is it a dream. I just transferred to a new school. Though it does not sound that bad, in actually reality it has been a total turn around. My old high school (Hancock High) was a small, all white, and in the county. Though the school (Patterson) I just entered is densely populated, majority black, and right in the middle of Baltimore city. Though both types of schools (county and city) are largely different they both have many advantages and disadvantages. An advantage of going to a city school is that you get a college feel. There are so many students and teachers that you get a head start on college. Also there is diversity at a city school. You get to meet all kinds of people and learn about their customs and beliefs. Another advantage of going to a city school is that you get to express your opinions more freely. Though there are going to be people who think different, there is always going to be someone on your side. Many of city schools advantages involve a person growing spiritual and mentally. Though at a county school kids are most likely to be smarter and be more prepared book wise. Also there is less violence than in a city school, so you feel a sense of security. Though I could go on and on about each type of school, I would rather not. In most cases a school has more disadvantages than advantages. The perfect school would be made up of ones ideas and would simply be all fun and less work. But a school does have its cons. Such as at a city school there is a lot of crime. Also the peer pressure is so hard to handle which is why most kids fall into the trap. I am not saying that county schools are perfect, but most county kids no when to say no and when it is enough. Going to a county school you get sheltered on some common and important aspects of life. Such as poverty, racial issues and crime which a...

Chiang Kai-Shek Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Chiang Kai-Shek Leadership - Research Paper Example Chiang Kai-shek passed on in 1975, after living for 88 years. For two decades, Chiang Kai-shek served as the Chinese head of state on the Chinese mainland until 1950 when he served as the president of the Republic of China in Taiwan. He was born on October 30, 1887, in a place known as Chi-Kou, Chiekang. His father was a salt merchant who died in 1886, leaving the burden of Chiang’s upbringing solely to his mother, who was his third wife. In 1905, Chiang Kai-shek went to Ningpo in pursuit of education where he decided to venture into a military career. The following year, Chiang Kai-shek traveled to Tokyo but failed to qualify for military training. This was when he decided to go back to Tokyo, where he studied at the Paoting Military Academy, after which he furthered his education at the Shikan Gakko Military Academy, in Tokyo. Kai-shek was a very close ally to fellow Chekiangese Ch’en Chi-mei, who sponsored Chiang’s entry into the controversial Sun Yat-Sen†™s revolutionary party T’ung-Meng Hui. Chiang returned to Shanghai when a revolution broke out on the 10th of October 1911, in Wuhan. Cheng returned to fight against their adversaries under Ch’en. A sequence of triumphs by the Ch’en, as well as other revolutionists in the Yangtze Valley, set the ball rolling for the installation of Sun Yat-sen as the official provisional ruler of the Chinese Republic. In 1913, there was yet another bungled second revolution in which both Chiang Kai-shek and Ch’en Ch’i-mei also fought.

Children's Books Should be Censored Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Children's Books Should be Censored - Essay Example If publishers and distributors will not take responsibility for the content of their product, then we need to monitor our children's books, and censor those with the most violent and offensive content. Widespread censorship and wholesale book banning may not seem to be a practical solution in the complex world that we live in. Filtering out books that have offensive messages may be a never ending task for which there is no end. However, we can ban a book from our libraries and public schools when common sense tells us it runs afoul of accepted sensibilities. The Supreme Court may guarantee freedom of speech, but it does not grant an audience and it does not guarantee a space in a public school classroom. We regulate movies based on content, provide ample warning on the packaging, and restrict access to them based on age. Censorship goes beyond the simple act of forbidding production, it resides in the gray area of proper labeling and age appropriate access. Viewing material that is inappropriate for a young mind can have a profound and lasting impression on a child. As more violent and offensive material becomes available in our public schools and libraries, it filters down to younger children. A child's imagination will act out and emulate the characters they read about with the assumption it is fact and therefore acceptable. Left unchecked, violence and horror can have a severe psychological effect on children younger than 8 years old. The belief that children can tell the difference between reality and fiction at this age does not prove to be the case when subjected to scientific scrutiny. According to the University of Wisconsin's Joanne Cantor, "It's especially ineffective to try to calm children in this age group by telling them that what they have seen is not real" (Cantor). Children will believe what they have read and it can carry a lasting effect that will permanently mold a mind with an unrealistic view of the world and rein force crude, violent, and inappropriate behavior. Censorship should reach beyond the sexually charged, profane, and graphic violence that is only the most visible sign of inappropriate children's literature. Messages that are racist, sexist, and derogatory can desensitize children to the callus and inflammatory remarks that find their way into books and into our libraries. In the book "One Fat Summer" which the publisher says is appropriate for 12 and up, a young man fears jumping from a diving board. He laments in his fright, "... they kept screaming for me to jump, to show I was a man; if I didn't jump I couldn't be a man, I'd be a fag all my life" (Lipsyte, 207). A 12-year-old will likely repeat this slur against the gay community and use it with the mistaken belief that it is an acceptable form of public speech. Messages that are contained in derogatory images of social, ethnic, or racial groups are as common and just as powerful as overt violence, yet they may lay hidden in an otherwise placid story of kindness and sincerity. We control every other aspect of our child's education and we should also control what they read. We scrutinize their math, grammar, and history books for accuracy. Why should we treat children's litera

PGs Core Competencies

PGs Core Competencies A business must possess some competitive competencies for success in the field of the business world. I would like to give a brief account of Procter and Gamble (PG) in order to elaborate its core competencies which have resulted in the successful running of the business of the PG. CHALLENGING YET OBTAINABLE OBJECTIVES PG sets objectives that are challenging but yet attainable for its short term as well as long term plans. For example, PG has shown enormous gain in the productivity of human resources because of the HR policies of the company. It hires competitive people, takes measures for training and development, and grooming of the HR. THE STRATEGY PG has proven its self as unmatched and exceptionally well as an organization in formulation, implementation, and controlling of strategies. Both short term and long term strategies are devised, implemented, and controlled through the HR. THE LEADER IN INNOVATION The PG has been a leader in innovation and creation of new product lines. Most of its products have been as a consequence of its innovative strategies. PG invest more than twice invested by its competition in the field of innovation. PG has been a bran-building leader. The companys billion-dollar brands have been successful to keep sustained the growth of sales at 11% rate per year for the decade. THE GROWTH STRATEGY Many strategies have been adopted by PG but this decade the strategies in terms of growth include: tope line, bottom line, and shareholder growth. PG has demonstrated a considerable growth in personal care, baby care, and beauty products. PG takes serious account of its finances for the growth of the business. The following table summarizes the growth result for PG from the year 2001 to 2009. Average Annual Goals 2009 2001-2009 Organic sales growth 4-6% 2% 5% Earning per share 10% 8% 12% Free cash flow productivity 90% 102% 112% LEADERSHIP COMPETENCIES PG behaves just like a leader in the business world. So is the case with the management of the company as well. PG has been lucky to find its top management laden with leadership qualities. Its leadership has taken serious steps now and then for the success of the organization. For example, in year 2000, the PGs president took necessary and challenging measures to put the organization back on track. The actions that were taken resulted in sustainable growth of the organization as well as recovery of the lost business activity. THE CONSUMER AND MARKET RESEARCH PG has been a leader in market research investment. The company interacts with more than five million consumers each year in 60 countries around the world. PG invest 350 million dollars and more in consumer understanding. Hence the organization takes necessary measures for finding the tastes, needs, and wants of the consumers and customers. The investment in the field of research on consumers pays back much in terms of high sales and satisfied customers. RIGOROUS COST AND CASH DESCIPLINE PG has increased its cash productivity to the extent that it has reached 100% for the decade. It has resulted in high earning per share, high credit rating of the company, and allured the potential investors to invest in the businesses of PG. The company has maintained a strong cash management vis-Ã  -vis working-capital management. Sales per employee have grown from $363,000 to $585,000 while profit per employee has increased from 32,000 dollars to 84,000 dollars from the year 2000 to 2009. Similarly the productivity of RD Organization have doubled from the year 2000 to the year 2009. THE ON TIME ACTION PG takes decision as and when needed. This has been the core competency of the company among its core competencies that the company enjoys as a competitive advantage of the PG. A right decision in the wrong time will prove useless. Therefore, it is very important to take preventive as well as corrective measures in order to cope with the potential problems well before the time of incidence. PG has been much active to take preventive and corrective steps to address problems and devise solutions to the problems. THE HR, A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE PG makes plans for careers. The company tries to hire the best Human resources. It works on business and functional leaders activity on how to recruit, teach, and coach. THE MARKETING STRATEGY Apart from working on the present consumers and customers, PG keenly strives on improving its competencies in the field of under-served and un-served consumers. PG invests twice that of its competitors in marketing. For example, when one of its competitors was market testing its liquid soap, PG launched the Tide in Europe market to win over the market from its competition. In a nut shell, the history has show that PG has proved its self a leader in marketing strategy formulation, implementation, and control. Therefore, PG has beaten its competition by virtue of competitive marketing strategies. PG has been successful in putting forth marketing strategies that ensure how to win! THE MARKET LEADER PGs well known, trusted brands touch the lives of consumers in more than 180 countries. Some of its brands have crossed the billion dollars target. PG has been successful in launching innovative products with a competitive edge over its competitors. PG top 43 brands are responsible for 90% profit and 85% sales. Therefore, PG has proven its self as leader in brands. For example, PGs market leader products include: Pampers, Tide, Ariel, Cest, head and shoulders, etc. DIVERSIFICATION PG has attained high level of diversification in its lines of products. Some important ones have been shown below in terns of its sales, segment of products, and the category of products. CBU Segment Key Products Billion-Dollars Brands Net Sales (in Billion Dollars) Beauty Beauty Cosmetics, Deodorants, hair care, cleansing, Fragrances, skin care HS, Olay, Pantene, Wella $26.3 Grooming Blades and Razors, Hair Removal devices,Shave products, Home appliances Braun, Always, Gillette, Mach3 Health and Well-being Health-care Feminine care, oral care, dish care, fabric care, surface care Lams, Pringles $16.7 Snacks and Pet care Pet food, Snacks Ariel, Dawn, Downy, Duracell, Gain, Tide Household care Fabric, home Baby Wipes, Bath tissue, Diapers, Facial Tissue, Paper Towel Bounty, Charmin, Pampers $37.3 OFFERING BRAND FOR THE BRANDED PEOPLE An overview of product line has been given in terms of % net sales and % net earning of PG. GBU Segment % of net sales % of net earning Key Products Billion-Dollars Brands Beauty Beauty 23% 22% Cosmetics, Deodorants, hair care, cleansing, Fragrances, skin care HS, Olay, Pantene, Wella Grooming 9 13 Blades and Razors, Hair Removal devices,Shave products, Home appliances Braun, Always, Gillette, Mach3 Health and Well-being Health-care 17 21 Feminine care, oral care, dish care, fabric care, surface care Lams, Pringles Snacks and Pet care 4 2 Pet food, Snacks Ariel, Dawn, Downy, Duracell, Gain, Tide Household care Fabric, home 29 26 Baby Wipes, Bath tissue, Diapers, Facial Tissue, Paper Towel Bounty, Charmin, Pampers TARGET MARKETING PG uses target marketing. To put in other words, PG innovatively launches products for specific segment of the society. Therefore, it offers a wide range of products in its product line on demographic basis. For example, the shampoo range covers many brands that target different people of the society. Head and shoulders shampoo for dandruff while Pantene for shiny and soft hair as the company claims. The segmentation is made on the basis of demography, psychographic, and geography. PROMOTIONS PG has established its position as a leader in promotion campaigns. The company utilizes and invests a considerable amount annually for promotion of its brands. Advertising costs include advertisement on TV, Dish, Cable, Net, Radio, Magazine, and other media. PG utilizes the local media as well to advertise its brands on the local Television, Radio, and other print media. STRIVING AGAINST THE STRIDES PG has had bad times during the course of its history. However, it has fought against the tides successfully by virtue of un-defatiguable efforts, effective plans, post mortem analyses, and taking necessary corrective steps to over come the shortcomings, and putting the company back on the business tract ensuring efficiency and effectiveness.

Investigating Financial Control Essay

Task one The three different types of costs are fixed cost, variable cost and total cost. For all of the diverse types of costs there are also dissimilar calculations to work out each type of revenue. Fixed cost does not change no matter how much they produce, even if the business produces 1 or 1,000,000,000 it will always stay the same. Examples of fixed costs are rent, salaries, rates and loan payments. Variable cost change with the level of production. In order to work out the total variable cost you have to times together the quantity and the variable cost. Also, to determine the total cost you have to add the fixed cost and the variable cost. The meaning of Start up cost is the money you need to start up the business. Running cost always varies because of the level of stock changes and you have to pay for workers. In the case of Kiren and Zaiba, salaries are used as a fixed cost because they don’t change with the level of output. Heating and lighting are used as a variable cost because the variable cost change with the level of production. The sum: Fixed cost + variable cost = total cost which is 6,000 in the scenario. The definitions for the following words are: Profit What is left when all costs incurred in making and selling a product are deducted from the revenue gained from that sale. It acts as the reward to the entrepreneur, usually the owner of the business, who has provided the capital. It is usually the net profit after tax which represents the surplus for the owners of the business and is paid as a dividend to shareholders. Profit maximization is seen as one of the major objectives of a business, although it is more likely to be an objective for the investors in a business, than for its managers or employees. It might be for those groups that profit acts as a constraint, while higher sales orhigher wages and salaries are more important objectives Net profit: This is the amount of sales revenue that a business earns less all the costs involved in achieving that revenue, including both direct costs and expenses. The net profit figure represents the figure for profit before taxation or a dividend are further deducted, and shows how successful a business has been in generating profits from its trading activities. Gross profit The figure obtained on the profit and loss account when the cost of goods sold is deducted from the sales revenue of a business, but it does not take into account any of the expenses of running a business such as wages, distribution costs or administration costs. Fixed cost Variable cost Total cost Rent  £800 Heating and lighting  £200 Salaries  £1400 Advertising  £50 Insurance  £210 Administration  £50 Rates  £150 400 CD’s  £2800 Loan repayments  £290 Telephone  £50  £2850  £3150  £6000 Task 2 Kiran & Zaiba analysis: In task two I used excel to work out the break even point, at diverse costs. The fixed costs were the same because I only have done break even for one month. The quantity is going up in one hundreds. I calculated the variable cost by multiplying the quantity by 6 which came out to be going up in six hundreds. I calculated the total cost by adding the fixed cost by the variable cost; in this case it was increasing by six hundred. To calculate the sales revenue, I had to multiple the quantities by 12, which was increasing by 1200. To calculate profit or loss, I subtract sales revenue from total cost. According to the information on my table Kiran & zaiba have to sell 1000 CD’s to break even. Break even is when the cost is 6000 and the quantity is 6. In the following table I have changed the fixed cost to 6950 because the following values increased: the rate increased to  £300 also, the telephone increased to  £100, advertising to  £125 and the lighting and heating increased to  £425. Using the contributing method I will calculate the following data to achieve how much CD’s will be needed to break even. In order to do this I will have to use the following equation 6950 divided by 6. The sum equals 1158. So they will have to sell 1158 to break even. This means that they will have to increase sales. Advantages of break even analysis Disadvantages of break even analysis Break even can be used to predict profit It price suddenly changed it wouldn’t take it in Break even can be used to determine financial needs For example, If petrol prices go up the break even will not show the increase. Keep track of profits and losses. It is a forecast which means that the data is predicted. Gives you ideas for selling prices (if you made a lot of money at that period of time). It helps to calculate profits Helps to make decisions on prices I think that break even is very useful because: It assists you to figure out your profit Helps you by giving you assumptions of prices It is extremely significant in that if you are taking into consideration to applying for a loan. Gives you a clear impression of prices TASK 3 Analysis for cash flow forecast I will now construct the cash flow forecast I have now prepared an annual cash flow forecast using monthly data I have also included the loan in January. The table looks like this for a regular cash flow forecast: image00.png The sales become irregular due to an immense amplify in downloading and sharing music. The irregular cash flow forecast should look like this: image01.png Cash flow forecast is extremely significant and has many uses. For example, it helps the bank manager to keep up to date; it helps managers to plan ahead and it also determines if there is a problem with the cash flow by resolving the difficulty. Regular cash flow shows: That there is not a problem with the cash flow because the opening bank balance is always increasing, so the profit is rising. The main objective for a cash flow forecast is to see whether there is a profit or loss. Currently, I have identified that with the regular cash flow there is not a problem because all the numbers are increasing, meaning that a profit has been achieved. Irregular cash flow forecast shows that: The opening bank balance starts with zero; it then rises immensely in February to 11300. Then it starts to decrease steeply all the way to December, leaving the opening bank balance drawn to a close with -37470. This is bad for the business because now they are not making a profit The total cash inflows, starts of with 18000 in January. Then it starts to reduce in each and every month, until it comes to December where it increases to 2700 from November. This is consequently leading them to a loss. The total cash outflows contrast from low to high in that, in January it is 6700 and then increases enormously to 9500 in December. The Implication of the problem is that there is an increase in people who tend to download and share music. This will inevitably affect their sales. This will also consequently make Kiran and Zaiba fall to lose a profit. Because of this problem Kiran and Zaiba are making a loss of  £43,920. The implication to the problem is that, In order to reject the lost, I recommend that The other way around this is to increase the number of quantities, in order to sell more and increase profit. Or, lower maintenance costs and launching a download website so you can attract costumers worldwide. Task 4 The documents which Kiran and Zaiba will need to sequence sales and purchasing from order to receipt of goods are: Issues by the purchaserIssued by the seller Delivery note- accompanies the goods. Is signed by purchaser as proof of delivery. Sales invoice- gives full details of goods, prices, discounts, VAT Credit note- issued if goods are returned or to adjust any over- charges on the invoice. Statement of account- summarises all transactions and states balance owning. Remittance advice – summarises the account for return with cheque payment Cash receipt- issued to confirm cash payment has been received Purchase order- lists items required and price for each. Goods received note- lists items received. Purchaser tells seller if any shortages or damage Cheque or electronic transfer- to pay balance on statement I am now going to describe the manual and electronic ways of recording financial transaction that Kiran and Zaiba could use: Predominantly, most Kiran and Zaiba’s transactions are mostly recorded electronically because they are developed either by an electronic cash register or by computer. The advantage of recording transaction for Kiran and Zaiba indicate that any linked documents are printed mechanically. Kiran and Zaiba may want to take the alternative route by considering keeping manual records which are then kept by businesses that would not find it valuable to buy a cash register or use a computer system. Even people who receive payments in a customer’s home- such as service engineers- are now more likely to record the transaction on a laptop than carry a receipt book with them. Kiran and Zaiba want and need to prevent fraud because they are a minute business. To terminate these frauds they will have to have: A thoughtful staff selection which are trustworthy to procedure which includes character references. A â€Å"whistle- blowing† scheme where workers are compensated for reporting fraud. The system should guarantee that information is treated confidentially. An unambiguous policy on dealing with fraud. Scam is usually considered to be â€Å"gross misconduct† (which means disgusting bad behaviour) for which workers can be fired instantaneously as part of the disciplinary procedure. Task 5 The strengths of a cash flow forecast are that: It helps the bank manger to keep up to date It records how much money you have It gives you ideas to plan ahead Demonstrates how much money you have at the present time The forecasts of sales and cash flow, and hence crucial abundance of profit, will be vital on which the prospective bankers will assess the upcoming feasibility of the business. It follows that these forecasts will come under crucial inspection and significant judgement. The importance of cash inflows is so you distinguish how much value of money is going towards the inside of a businesses bank account at a particular time. An example for this could be: the income Kiran and Zaiba make for selling CD’s. The strengths of break even are: It helps you see where you have an increase or decrease in your profit. Keeps you informed Break even engrosses discovering what would occur if there were changes to cost of revenues. The types of questions the boss would ask are: Is it possible for Kiran and Zaiba to increase sales by 5% and still make a profit even if sales fall? If by reducing sales by 10% will this effect Kiran and Zaiba? Say if Kiran and Zaiba shift of to an inexpensive property, how would this affect our profits? There is many different ways in which, to record this information. For instance, Manual recording principally used by businesses that, tend not sense that it is advisable to buy a cash register or computer. (For example, If Kiran and Zaiba don’t sell as much CD’s then, they may find it simpler to record these manually). Also, there is an alternative route which is, to record by electronically, which means that associated documents are printed mechanically. This could be beneficial if Kiran and Zaiba are selling lots of CD’s. Cash flow indicates the amount of money received and spent over time. This is significant in that, you will then be aware of how much income is in the bank. If Kiran and Zaiba have an enormous demand they can amplify there sales because there are not adequate CD’s. They could charge more which is better for the business because they are making more profit. But if there is too much CD’s then they could reduce prices to sell more, thus allowing them to make profits. Just to add, the main objective for any business is to make a profit. So, Kiran and Zaiba will want to do so. To do this, Kiran and Zaiba may want to take this into consideration that they may want to reduce their sales in order to sell more and to attract more costumers.

The Most Dangerous Game Essay

In the short story â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† by Richard Connell, a man named Sanger Rainsford faces a conflict which is being stranded on what he thinks is a deserted island. This island was totally uninhabited with the exception of one man who lives there, General Zaroff. General Zaroff loves to hunt, but he hunts more than just animals. You see, General Zaroff got tired of hunting just animals, he claims it was too easy for him since he was such an outstanding hunter.He wanted more of a challenge. Rainsford finds out that General Zaroff has hunted humans before, therefore making him a murderer. One critic has remarked, â€Å"Ironically, General Zaroff’s belief in his invincibility weakens him and causes his defeat. † I agree with this critic for many different reasons. It is good to be smart and fearless when stuck in bad situation. It can help you get out of it quickly. However, I believe that having too much courage in these situations is not good, and n ot helpful.When you think you are invincible in scary situations, this can weaken you and cause you defeat. This is why I agree with the critic who said this statement about General Zaroff. For example, while talking to Rainsford, General Zaroff reveals how cocky he is about his hunting skills. General Zaroff says he believes that life is for the stronger and the weak people are put here to give the stronger pleasure. He also adds that he is strong and that he should use his gift.You can conclude from what Zaroff is saying that he should be allowed to hunt whomever and whatever he pleases, which includes humans. Having a gift of being an excellent hunter does not give you the right to hunt the more challenging creatures (humans). Because he has a talent, Zaroff thinks he should be able to use it. This is what makes him think he is invincible, when he really is not. He is not invincible because his cockiness led to his defeat. For example, Zaroff thinks that Rainsford commits suicide to end the game.Zaroff thinks this because he thinks anyone would end the game rather to be put to death by an excellent hunter like himself. Zaroff’s invincibility is the reason for his defeat by Rainsford in the game because Rainsford did not kill himself. He pretended to so he could fool the General. Rainsford then attacked Zaroff when he least expected it. In conclusion, General Zaroff’s belief in his cockiness and invincibility was the cause for his defeat. General Zaroff finally understands the feeling of being the prey for once – and not the predator!

A Comparison of Wealth in Antony and Cleopatra and The...

The Importance of Wealth in Antony and Cleopatra and The Tempest Wealth and it’s relationship to poverty figures in heavily in two of the plays we have read thus far in class. In both Antony and Cleopatra and The Tempest we are treated to characters and situations that deal with wealth and poverty. Specifically however, both plays have visions of an abundance of wealth that seems at times both corruptible and foolish. In Antony and Cleopatra we have their excessive behavior and flaunting, which proves to be a vice that grips them much to tightly. In The Tempest, characters stranded on a deserted island have their own unique versions of achieving that said abundance. Shakespeare treats the topic similarly in both plays, and†¦show more content†¦Antony is a soldier foremost, and his actions at the moment, that of wealth and slack are not becoming of a soldier or, Shakespeare thinks, even a man. This point is made even more solid when Antony himself says it; â€Å"O, my fortunes have/Corrupted honest men!†(IV.v.16-17). It hardl y gets any plainer than that. The Tempest by virtue of plot seems and even more direct attack on wealth and abundance. In the play, characters are stripped of their â€Å"real world† places and placed in an area where everything is quite different. The â€Å"abundance† here becomes for some characters, the so-called hope for the New World that we have discussed in class. But for others, Caliban in specific, his view is corrupted by these new elements and he begins to crave riches as well. Both of these wants, however, do turn on to be negative. For example, early in the play, Gonzalo speaks and says: I’th’ commonwealth I would by contraries Execute all things, for no kind of traffic Would I admit; no name of magistrate; Letters should not be known; riches, poverty And use of service, none; contract, succession, Bourn, bound of land, tilth, vineyard, none; No use of metal, corn, or wine, or oil; No occupation, all men idle, all, And women too, but